Cold Harbor National Cemetery, Mechanicsville The battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna River, and Cold Harbor were all bloody and inconclusive, but Grant kept pressure on Lee while always moving to the southeast. Local government records collection, Franklin County (Va.) Court Records. The Military Unit field may also display the surname range (A-G) as found on the microfilm. Virginia was a significant battleground for both Union and Confederate forces. But John Browns raid radicalized him. Danville National Cemetery, Danville Following the war, Black churches in central Virginia joined to form the Colored Shiloh Baptist Association, led by E. G. Corprew, an African American pastor and missionary. Fredericksburg National Cemetery, Fredericksburg Fast, safe and convenient. The following articles will help you research your family in the state of Virginia. 2020 Virginia Humanities, All Rights Reserved . Here in Belle Isles Dreary Prison. Of the 265 engaged at Gettysburg, twenty-one percent were killed, wounded, or missing. Stonewall Jackson, one of Lees most trusted generals, was accidentally shot by his own men and died eight days later. Simon Cameron Simon Cameron was the United States Secretary of War during the first year of war. Mexican War Spanish American War World War, World War II Korean Conflict Vietnam Conflict, French & Indian War Revolutionary War War of 1812, Memorial Fountain and Union Soldier Statue. Drive the tour of the Peninsula Campaign, beginning at Fort Monroe in Hampton and ending on the bloody battlefields near Richmond. Another 32,000 served in Union forces; most of these came from the counties that today comprise the state of West Virginia, while a number of West Virginia troops were recruited from the neighboring states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Franklin, TN | Nov 30, 1864 The scale of the Confederate charge at Franklin rivaled that of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. He defeated Union generals Nathaniel P. Banks at Cedar Mountain and John Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas in August, and then invaded the North. The Booker T. Washington was born in April 1856, during a time when the United States of America was trying to work towards a solution dealing with slavery. Its companies were recruited in the counties of Bedford, Campbell, Botetourt, Amherst, Franklin, Appomattox, and Albemarle. About U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865. [1]. County. Thirty-two of the "no" votes come from trans-Allegheny delegates, who are more firmly Unionist than representatives from other parts of the state. Fearing the worst, South Carolina seceded the next month, followed by a number of other Deep South states. In the bloodiest single day of the war, George B. McClellan attacks Confederates under Robert E. Lee at Antietam Creek in Maryland. It was named for Benjamin Franklin, the governor of Pennsylvania, where many settlers originated. Free blacks in Virginia numbered 58,042 on the eve of the American Civil War (1861-1865), or about 44 percent of the future Confederacy's free black population. Soldiers fought for many reasons, but protecting what they considered to be their property was an important one. Although many Northern politicians, including Lincoln, expressed their disapproval of Brown, Ruffin became convinced that Northerners were conspiring to use politics and violence to destroy slavery and with it the Southern economy and culture. Lee Camp no. Index of Franklin County Illinois war history, (originally published, 1920.) . Ninety United States Marines, under the command of Colonel Robert E. Lee, capture Brown, who is. Soldiers of Virginia who fought in her defence in the war between the states, 1861-1865: muster rolls: troops of cavalry, companies of artillery, and companies of infantry, organized, recruited or enlisted, in whole or in part, in the city of Lynchburg during the war between the states. How did Union colonel Emerson Opdycke actions prevent disaster during the Battle of Franklin? Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers who Served in Organizations from the State of Virginia. Union general Benjamin F. Butler, the commander at Fort Monroe, announces that he will not return fugitive slaves to bondage. After J. E. B. Stuart won a huge cavalry battle at Brandy Station, and Confederates under Richard S. Ewell captured Winchester, Lees army met Union forces, now under George G. Meade, at the Battle of Gettysburg. Brown was hanged on December 2, 1859. November 30. Washington, DC. The Valley of the Shadow is a digital archive of primary sources that document the lives of people in Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania, during the era of the American Civil War. This should return a list of everyone with that particular name. Agents of the court maintained lists of eligible families, gathered goods for distribution Ulysses S. Grant, the Union's new general-in-chief, directs the Army of the Potomac south toward Richmond. Later that day, two Confederate divisions under major generals John Brown and Patrick Cleburne struck the Union defenses, driving the two brigades back and opening a hole in the center. history.). Many Confederates claimed that free Blacks supported their cause, but in reality most only did so by threat of violence. Some of the men were from Powhatan, Pittsylvania, and Botetourt counties. Fletcher H. Archer leads his Virginia Reserves in a successful defense of Petersburg against a Union cavalry attack in what comes to be known as the Battle of Old Men and Young Boys. But miscommunication and confusion in the Confederate ranks result in the escape of Schofields forces. The action resulted in a disastrous defeat for the South and failed to prevent the Union army from advancing to Nashville. We are now prepared to draw a few practical inferences from what has preceded: A rational explanation of the causes of the war furnishes a satisfactory basis for charitably judging its principal instigators, or its subsequent prosecutors. On May 23, 1861, voters ratified Virginia's secession from the United States. Virginia Infantry Regiment, 57th. The collection consists of Confederate service records of soldiers who served in organizations from Virginia for the years 1861 to 1865. Hampton National Cemetery, Hampton Unlike his predecessors, Grant targeted the Confederate army rather than the Confederate capital. Teach using Civil War Documents Use our online tool, DocsTeach, for teaching with primary source documents from the National . Many soldiers lie in family or community graveyards, such as John Singleton Mosby in Warrenton Cemetery. In contrast to the Shenandoah Valley campaign, Confederate general Thomas J. Confederate troops under Joseph E. Johnston and Pierre G. T. Beauregard decisively defeat Union forces commanded by Irvin McDowell. many soldiers were buried in family plots, or at camps where they died from disease or wounds At the Virginia Convention of 1864, Unionists led by Francis H. Pierpont had created a new state constitution that freed Virginias enslaved population and took away rights from many men who had served the Confederacy. All you need at your finger tips. A statewide referendum on May 23 made secession official. Lee decided to invade the North a second time. Richmonds Chimborazo Hospital was the largest and most famous of the war hospitals. the provisioning of needy families almost solely to the locality. Source: Library of Virginia, Sketchbook of Vance and Maxweli. Carroll County, Virginia, Civil War soldiers records, 1861-1865, compiled by John P. Alderman consisting of typescripts of Confederate service records of soldiers from Carroll County. 1846-1864) of Franklin, Delaware County, New York, during his Civil War service in Co. At first relief was provided as money, but as the monetary system The information above is from 2nd Virginia Cavalry, by robert J. Driver, Jr. and H. E. Howard. War had been difficult on the land and people of Virginia and he hoped to take the fighting into Maryland and Pennsylvania. ; Fredericksburg, Va.; Suffolk, Va.; Gettysburg, Pa.; Drewry's Bluff, Va.; Petersburg, Va.; Five Forks, Va.; Sayler's Creek, Va.; Appomattox, Va. Thousands of the more than 620,000 soldiers killed in the Civil War are today buried in the 14 National Cemeteries managed by the National Park Service and the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System will eventually list the names of all those interred. Virginia abolitionists, like Moncure Daniel Conway, were rare; more common were Virginians like George Tucker, a professor at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville who had not always supported slavery but didnt want Northerners interfering with it. In the Shenandoah Valleywhich produced food crops but also had symbolic valueUnion generals David Hunter and Philip H. Sheridan destroyed crops and livestock. Every purchase supports the mission. During Lees first invasion, the year before, there was a chance that a victory might bring recognition of the Confederacy by Great Britain, which depended on its cotton. Virginia, however, hesitated. He was helped by Stonewall Jackson, who quickly marched east after he had defeated Union troops in the Shenandoah Valley. However, the governor also promised to step up his efforts to relieve the suffering of the poor. shoes and clothing. U.S., Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865. The Ordinance of Secession is approved by Virginia voters by a vote of 125,950 to 20,373, with many western Virginia votes being discarded from the tally. Southern morale remained fairly high, however, so Lincoln and his generals attempted a different strategy, called hard war. The County was formed in 1786 from parts of Bedford and Henry Counties by an act of the General Assembly. Some Virginia families were split between North and South because of the Civil War. Dix, John Ross. The Civil War was over. Begin your research in the Microfilm Reading Room. The Union garrison is evacuated the next day. After the Civil War, the Federal government made a concerted effort to excavate burials of Union soldiers and move remains to new national cemeteries. Brown was a radical abolitionist who opposed slavery and treated African Americans as his equals. and paid for them, and impressed supplies if necessary. Joseph Hooker is defeated by Confederate generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. Delegates at the Virginia Convention in Richmond pass an Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 88 to 55. Officers devoted their mightiest energies to bringing up the stragglers to the breast-works, and we soon had the position impregnable. For the Lincoln administration, the war became about ending slavery, not just preserving the Union. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Johnston surrendered in North Carolina on April 26 rather than resort to guerrilla warfare. This page was last edited on 5 June 2023, at 13:47. The Valley Web site also contains letters and diaries, images, maps . With the capitals of the Confederacy and the Union only 100 miles apart, Virginia became the major battleground of the American Civil War. Communities like Lynchburg opposed secession, but not because they opposed slavery. About 155,000 Virginia men served in the Confederate forces during the war, while another 32,000 served in Union forces. Township. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his United States Army commission after the Second Seminole War and his Virginia military commission after the Mexican-American War, in both cases to . It is not uncommon for modern construction projects around Civil War hospitals to encounter bones and archeological remnants such as metal buttons from uniforms. the remains of soldiers killed at Cold Harbor in 1864 were excavated and reburied in 1866 According to James "Bud" Robertson's "Civil War Sites in Virginia," "A modern metal trestle now stands at the site, but remnants of earthworks exist along the river's edge. Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond highlights that it is the final resting place for Confederate soldiers, officers, and even Jefferson Davis, the only president of the Confederate States of America. in 2021, the National Park Service searched for a site in Fredericksburg National Cemetery for burial of remains of Civil War soldiers discovered in 2015 Source: Facebook, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields National Military Park (June 30, 2021) Links. The area was home to native Americans as early as 10,000 B.C. Database. It contained the Confederate capital, the capture of which would be an important symbolic victory for Union forces. actions had already been taken. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. This database contains the names of approximately 6.3 million soldiers who served in the American Civil War. Massachusetts. It was involved in the following battles or localities: Malvern Hill, Va.; 2nd Manassas, Va.; Sharpsburg, Md. 1 Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 Telephone: 501-682-6900 In 1891 Arkansas began granting pensions to indigent Confederate veterans. In the 1740s, pioneers traveling by river and road from Eastern Virginia and Maryland, and Scotch-Irish and German families coming down the Carolina Road (originally known as the Great Indian Warrior Path) settled in what would become Franklin County, then the western-most county in Virginia. After a missed opportunity at the Battle of Spring Hill on November 29, Hood pursued Schofield to the town of Franklin, where the Confederate general led an assault on November 30 that cost him 20 percent of his men and allowed Schofield to progress toward Nashville. To research an individual's Civil War military service, see Using Virginia Civil War Service and Veterans Records. Smith.[1]. Erected in memory of the Soldiers of Franklin County who fought for the Union in the War Between the States 1861-1865 Dedicated July 17th, 1878 ---------- Confederate general Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia crush Union general Ambrose E. Burnside and the Army of the Potomac at the Battle of Fredericksburg in one of the most lopsided defeats of the war. In addition, Richmond and later Danville also hosted large military prisons. Pickett survived the famous charge, but two other Virginia generals, Lewis A. Armistead and Richard B. Garnett, did not. Cameron also reports on the extent of the damage to the town. National Park Service; Civil War Era National Cemeteries Others who died of disease or as the result of fighting were hastily buried on the spot, or not even buried at all. In Richmond, Libby Prison, Belle Isle, and Castle Thunder were often overcrowded and the prisoners were not well fed or protected from the elements. Related data collections. 2008 By The Library of Virginia. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Most signed up for twelve months, but, beginning in April 1862, when the Confederate government passed the first draft in American history, they were required to serve for the rest of the war. At the same time, its geographymountains in the west, and rivers that flowed west to eastmade its defense somewhat easier. Black Confederates is a term often used to describe both enslavedand freeAfrican Americans who filled a number of different positions in support of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War(1861-1865). The remains of many Confederate soldiers were also exhumed and moved to formal cemetery sites. But so much money was made selling to the North that residents were concerned that secession would hurt business. 1862 Peninsula Campaign, Civil War in Tidewater. Because it didnt include a march on Richmond, Lincoln overruled him. Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever The counterattack was successful, and the center of the Union line held. Preferred Citation Franklin County (Va.) Reports of Indigent Soldiers' Families, 1863-1864. For additional information about image restrictions see Restrictions for Viewing Images in FamilySearch Historical Record Collections. Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Religion was an important means for African Americans to exercise their freedom. Although a victory, Chancellorsville was especially costly for Confederates. Contents 1 County Information 1.1 Description 1.2 County Courthouse 1.3 Pittsylvania County, Virginia Record Dates 1.4 Record Loss 1.5 Boundary Changes Ambrose A. Boyce (ca. Company A (Henry Volunteers) - many men from Henry County, 42nd Regiment, Virginia Infantry (Confederate), Companies in this Regiment with the Counties of Origin, 42nd Regiment, Virginia Infantry - Confederate, Beginning United States Civil War Research, The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=42nd_Regiment,_Virginia_Infantry_-_Confederate&oldid=5358392. Early, the former Whig Party member and future Confederate general. Franklin County (Va.) Reports of Indigent Soldiers' Families, 1863-1864. Following the Battle of Antietam in September 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared free all enslaved people in the Confederate states, including Virginia. Union Soldiers of Franklin County Marker, 2. By defying his superior officers command to take a position on the front lines that provided no cover, Opdycke was able to keep his men back until they were needed to plug a gap in the Union defense. Three folders contain His birthplace is a national monument. Its commanders were Colonels Lewis A. Armistead, George W. Carr, David Dyer, Clement R. Fontaine, Elisha F. Keen, and John B. Magruder; Lieutenant Colonels Waddy T. James, William H. Ramsey, and Benjamin H. Wade; and Majors Garland B. Hanes, David P. Heckman, and Andrew J. In addition to the one at Franklin, what are the most memorable battle charges of the Civil War? Belle Boyd of Martinsburg and Antonia Ford of Fairfax Court House worked as Confederate spies while Elizabeth Van Lew of Richmond spied for the Union. On the opposite bank of the river, the soldiers of Confederate general A.P. M324. African American men were able to vote at first, but over the next fifty years they mostly lost that and many other civil rights while often being subjected to violence. This page has been viewed 7,114 times (67 via redirect). Confederate States of America. Keen's Battalion. The soldiers reach as far as a small locust grove less than 50 yards from the breastworks before they finally withdraw with severe losses, having done little damage to the enemy. Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Massachusetts (at Fold3) (fee-based) Includes scanned copies of the service records that can be obtained online for a fee. The development of 2,880-acre Philpott Lake in 1953 and 20,600-acre Smith Mountain Lake in 1966 gave rise to Franklin Countys current designation as the "Land Between the Lakes and The Blue Ridge Mountains." In the Seven Days' Battles near Richmond, Robert E. Lee defeats George B. McClellan in a series of fierce engagements. Union victory. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. After a gripping trial held in Charles Town in which John Brown is found guilty of conspiracy, of inciting servile insurrection, and of treason against the state, he is hanged. Lee defeated Union general Ambrose E. Burnside at Fredericksburg in December and then another Union general, Joseph Hooker, at Chancellorsville and the Second Battle of Fredericksburg in May 1863. The Confederate government instituted a draft, or conscription law, and in some cases impressed, or confiscated, private property. Local government records collection, Franklin County The last Civil War veteran had been buried in the cemetery in 1945 and it had been declared "closed" in 2010, but new remains were discovered in 2015 at the site of a hospital during the Battle of Fredericksburg. Mechanicsburg MS. Abrahams Benjamin Abrahams Birth Year: abt 1832 Age: 30 Although Forrests men outnumbered the Federals, they are outgunned by the seven-shot Spencers. He then retreated west. On April 17, the Virginia Convention voted 88 to 55 to secede. Poplar Grove National Cemetery, Petersburg It began after Virginia and ten other states in the southern United States seceded from the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. president in 1860. The unit was assigned to General Armistead's, Barton's, and Steuart's Brigade, Army of Northern Virginia. Records of individual soldiers, however, are not so easy to find. The County lies in the western piedmont, a diverse terrain ranging from flatlands on the east to rugged peaks of the Blue Ridge Mountains on the west. Hood has only one battery positioned to counter the enemy fire. Auditor of Public Accounts. Search A battery and a section of another near Carters house were abandoned to the enemy in the stampede, and were retaken by this charge and worked by the officers and men of this command. He was met this side of Carters house by our charge, and at once put to rout with a loss of 394 prisoners, 19 of whom were officers, 1 a colonel, and 9 battle-flags. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! If Schofield could reach them before Hood, he would command a numerical advantage on the battlefield. An offensive military maneuver in which soldiers advance in large, tight formations toward well-fortified positions seems counter-intuitive and self-destructive, but Civil War troops who were ordered to charge were simply practicing the modern military tactics of the time. The Lost Cause view also argued that despite the efforts of brave Southern men and noble Southern women, the South lost the war because the Union army was larger and better equipped and its generals more willing to let their men die. Hunter burned VMI and ransacked Washington College. 1. He sent Franz Sigel, David Hunter, and then Phil Sheridan to fight Confederates in the Shenandoah Valley, including Jubal Earlys Army of the Valley. But Franklin does not offer the same possibilities as Spring Hill. Begin your Civil War Research Learn about resources at the National Archives for researching individuals who served in the Civil War. Massachusetts Civil War Research Center searchable database of 150,000 soldiers. Encyclopedia Virginia946 Grady Ave. Ste. I, 3rd New York Cavalry. The tide began to turn, however, as Virginians came to believe that Lincoln would attempt to use the military to force the seceded states back into the Union. He orders a pursuit to Franklin, where he will have one more chance to attack the Federals before they reach Nashville. The American Civil War Research Database is a historic effort . The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. (He was later imprisoned at Fort Monroe.) Documents and histories abound for Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee. 1. During the Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid (1864), Union cavalry attempted to free prisoners and burn the capital. 1-2 . Agriculture has figured prominently in Franklin Countys 200-year history, and was the occupation of most county residents until recent times. Most Virginians did not question slavery, and some were radical in its defense. Another nationally known native son was Booker T. Washington, a black educator. At the Battle of Antietam, in Maryland, he and McClellan fought to a draw, but Lee was forced to retreat. After the battle, Opdycke explained his actions in this report: HDQRS. After many battles, companies might be combined because so many men were killed or wounded. "Stonewall" Jackson's movements are slow, sparking controversy among contemporaries and subsequent historians over the reasons for Jackson's performance. Lee's Camp Soldier's Home Records, Virginia. This page has been viewed 5,823 times (48 via redirect). Enslaved laborers were an integral part of the Virginia economy. Union general Benjamin F. Butler declared them to be contraband of war, or property that would otherwise aid the Confederate war effort. Learn more. At first, there were more Unionist than secessionist delegates, including Jubal A. Those records, or their abstracts, were compiled into individual files. Proponents of states rights argued that states had joined the United States voluntarily following the American Revolution (17751783) and could leave voluntarily. options, Using Virginia Civil War Service and Veterans Records. A jacket-envelope for each soldier, labeled with his name, rank, and the unit in which he served, A card (or cards) with abstracts of entries from original muster rolls, returns, rosters, payrolls, appointment books, hospital registers, Union prison registers and rolls, parole rolls, and inspection reports, The originals of any papers relating only to the particular soldier, Use the estimated age to calculate a birth date, Use the age and location of the military unit to find the soldiers family in census, church, and land records, Continue to search the index and records to identify children, siblings, parents, and other relatives who may have served in the same unit or a nearby unit, When looking for a person who had a common name, look at all the entries for the name before deciding which is correct, If you are unable to find the ancestors you are looking for, check for variant spellings of the surnames, Look for variant spellings of the names. About 15,000 men were killed in battles around Fredericksburg between 1862-64. In 1863, forty-eight northwestern Unionist counties seceded from . The 42nd Regiment, Virginia Infantry organized at Staunton, Virginia, in July, 1861, recruited its members in Henry, Floyd, Bedford, Campbell, Roanoke, Patrick, and Franklin counties. Brown was tried in Charles Town, where cadets from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington, led by Thomas J. Jackson and John A. McCausland, helped provide security. Library of Virginia staff. At the beginning of the war, Union leaders believed that most Confederate civilians were at heart Unionists. President Davis fled to Georgia where he was captured. This view of the war argued that Confederates had fought to defend states rights, not slavery. After Grant finally broke through. The Library of Virginia houses extensive collections relatedto theCivil War, including manuscripts, published materials, maps, and images. This collection is a part of RG 109, War Department Collection of Confederate Records and is National Archive Microfilm Publication M324. 31 December 1864, from Franklin Crawford Burns (1842-1917), Company G, 18th Virginia Cavalry, to his wife Sarah Margaret Carpenter Burns (1840-1900), Bath . Whenever possible FamilySearch makes images and indexes available for all users. Find our most popular services right here. In 1863, forty-eight northwestern Unionist counties seceded from Virginia to create West Virginia. Approximately 250 Virginia Military Institute cadets participate in the Battle of New Market. You may do research in Civil War military service and pension files in person at the National Archives Building, 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20408-0001. Most often this assistance was coerced rather than offered voluntarily. If troops moved too fast to perform that duty, local residents had to bury the dead. Tobacco factories as well as diversified wood and textile-based industries became significant components of the Countys economy. So-called fire-eaters, such as Edmund Ruffin, argued that states like Virginia must secede, or leave the Union. While they objected to the power of the federal government, their objections were loudest when they thought slavery was threatened. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 until 1865. They worried that President Davis and the Confederate Congress were infringing on their civil liberties, and protested declarations of martial law in Richmond, Petersburg, and Lynchburg. New York: Chs. The battle lasted for three days, from July 1 to July 3, 1863. Only 1 officer and 44 men surrendered. The Confederate government required many men, including African Americans, to serve the army or government; however, in Charlottesville in 1863 four enslaved men murdered a Confederate officer rather than comply.
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