How many times would you allow others the pleasure of something that causes you pain. Network Analysis of Mindfulness Facets, Affect, Compassion, and Distress. Epub 2021 Nov 2. However, Farsi-speaking practitioners and researchers are more likely to have encountered compassion, as it is understood in the Islamic tradition. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_37-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_37-1, eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, Handbook of Assessment in Mindfulness Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77644-2_37-1, Springer Reference Behavioral Science and Psychology, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences. New York: The Guilford Press; 2010. The shortened scale consisted of 9 items and performed well in measuring a large spectrum of the underlying construct with acceptable reliability. Baos RM, Garcs JJ, Miragall M, Herrero R, Vara MD, Soria-Olivas E. J Happiness Stud. Chi-Square)= 1342.459; p=0.0001, Number of factor extracted was based on Eigenvalues>1. In: Advances in experimental social psychology. J Sport Exerc Psychol. Front Psychol. Petrocchi N, Cosentino T, Pellegrini V, Femia G, DInnocenzo A, Mancini F. Compassion-focused group therapy for treatment-resistant OCD: initial evaluation using a multiple baseline design. I feel happy when I see that loved ones are happy. Instead, it is celebrated by many of the worlds most prominent religious traditions [5]. In C. Hendrick & S. S. Hendrick (Eds. The scale correlated well with the Sprecher and Fehr's Compassionate Love Scale (r=0.66; p=.000). Elsevier; 2013. p. 55130. Experts evaluate the items by selecting a value from (1) not essential to (3) essential. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01527-y. [34], a I-CVI greater than 0.7 indicates acceptable content validity. Article 2022;23(4):1683-1708. doi: 10.1007/s10902-021-00469-z. J Pers Soc Psychol. This is important to note because it means that translating a tool for measuring compassion is not simply a matter of translating from one language to another. The Compassionate Love Scale for Humanity (CLS-H) was developed to measure compassion towards strangers who need help and/or are vulnerable. Those who experience higher levels of compassionate love are expected to be more empathetic [18], because feelings of empathy are often those which motivate compassionate actions. 2007;30:45967. ), The Oxford handbook of close relationships (pp. Note: The items above that are in bold are included in the Hwang et al. Psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to a partner in need: The role of compassionate love. Fehr, B., & Sprecher, S. (2004, May). Other studies could recruit interview and longitudinal methods to address the desired social response. The survey items approved by the academic and community experts were reviewed and revised by the study team to ensure that they were simple, reasonable, and rendered in a logical sequence. 2022 Mar;61:101115. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101115. ), Handbook of Assessment in Mindfulness, Mindfulness in Behavioral Health. It can be defined as: "The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined" (Hatfield & Walster, 1978, p. 9). BMC Psychol 10, 61 (2022). 2021;12(4):911-922. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01555-8. doi: 10.1370/afm.348. 87120). Sprecher S, Fehr B. Enhancement of mood and self-esteem as a result of giving and receiving compassionate love. I would rather suffer myself than see _______ suffer. 1983;44:113. (1970). All the three . Each item on the scale is presented as a statement, for example, item 4 reads: I am able to do things as well as most other people. [21]. Love: Conceptualization and experience. The development and evaluation of a compassion scale. Measurement of romantic love. According to Polit et al. Therefore, measuring compassion can help to assess the amount of compassion in individuals and help professionals to have a more accurate identification in employing people choosing job placement, which need high levels of compassion, as well as performing interventions to improve compassion in individuals. What is compassion and how can we measure it? I spend a lot of time concerned about the well-being of those people close to me. Appraisal and recommendations. Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (2000). In terms of validity, the previously observed pattern of correlations was confirmed demonstrating positive associations between compassionate love and measures of self-esteem, positive affect, and life satisfaction, as well as negative associations with negative affect and anxiety. Crocker PRE. Eur J Psychotraumatol. Construct validity of the scale was tested by performing a factor analysis on the scale items to determine the presence of structures for the scale. doi: 10.1177/0002764203260211. As such, they are likely to engender greater wellbeing among their workforce, thereby increasing efficiency, and achieving better outcomes for their businesses and line managers. Introduction Compassion is a fundamental value of healthcare professions [1] and its importance has received increasing academic consideration over recent years [2]. Barnes MF. (2011). (2008) Santa Clara Brief Compassionate Love Scale. 2021 Jun 9;12(1):1918900. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1918900. Consistent with Buddhism concepts, self-compassion means the compassion for others [15]; however, it should note that the compassionate love is the more comprehensive construct. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5369. I try to understand rather than judge people who are strangers to me. The value of I-CVR is calculated as follows: the number of experts who select the value of 3 minus half the number of experts is divided by half the number of experts. Employers may find a measurement tool helpful for selecting more compassionate employees, or for measuring the effectiveness of training aimed at increasing employees compassion for one another. The PANAS [24] is a 20-item measure that assesses positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) on a 5-point Likert scale (1=not at all to 5=extremely). (2011). Item means, standard deviations and item-total correlations for the scale are reported. Second, data were cross-sectional and causal implications cannot be drawn. Sabey, A. K., Rauer, A. J., & Jensen, J. F. (2014). 12, pp. More than three quarters of the participants were African American (66.8%) and Hispanics (10.3%). Am Behav Sci. Assistant Dean of Clinical and Community Affairs Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science. Prototype analysis of the concept of compassionate love. In order to determine whether the Persian CLS-H-SF shared the same single-factor structure as Chiesi et al.s [21] English language counterpart, the factor structure of the scale was explored using a confirmatory y factor analysis (CFA). Factor loadings were greater than 0.5 and met the criteria outlined by Kline (2015; see Fig. The compassionate love for humanity scale (CLS-H-SF): psychometric properties of the Persian version Zahra Hajiheydari, Abbas Abdollahi, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Tawfeeq Abdulameer Hashim Alghazali, Supat Chupradit, Caomhn McGlinchey & Kelly A. Allen BMC Psychology 10, Article number: 61 ( 2022 ) Cite this article 1154 Accesses 1 Altmetric Metrics Items for the short version were selected based on high amounts of information and taking into account the content coverage of the construct. The response rate among the staff, students, and faculty of the Charles R. Drew University was 45%. This is because simply sharing negative emotions has been shown to have negative psychological consequences when individuals are not offered support to process these emotions [15]. Not at all true of me 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Very true of me. The availability of an objective scale for compassion is expected to foster and facilitate the understanding of the implication of low levels of compassion for the quality of care across social networks and relationships. Two English-Persian translators whose first language was Persian conducted the translation. We developed a 10-item self-report measure of compassion and evaluated its psychometric properties among 310 respondents drawn from the University and its surrounding communities. The prevailing concept of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity is expanding the domains of health and demanding a better understanding of the social dimensions of health.1 The human social environmentencompassing the immediate physical surroundings, social relationships, and cultural milieus within which defined groups of people function and interactexacts a significant influence on the health of the population.2 The long and lengthening list of social determinants of health associated with disparities in clinical outcomes is fostering the acknowledgment of the need to redesign the health care system to recognize and respond to the unequal distribution of opportunities and resources in the social environment.3 Inherent in the need to create psychosocial and physical environments that promote health is the requirement for new methods and metrics to evaluate the impact of interpersonal relationships, social networks, and neighborhood characteristics on physical and social well-being.4-5. How much of your future savings would you give away now to help a stranger in need of financial help? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 426434. Fehr, B., & Russell, J. I want to spend time with _____ so that I can find ways to help enrich his/her life. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 35, 285302. How much of your personal space would you share with a friend? 2018;9:70824. There is a significant dearth of data on the predictors, correlates and outcomes of compassion particularly within the context of care giving and receiving across social networks and relationships. The third translator, who was fluent in Persian and English language, compared the two translated versions and finalized the Persian version. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing mediators. Boston: Pearson; 2007. 2013 Aug; 24(3): 12351246. BMC Psychol. and transmitted securely. TAHA and SC prepared the manuscript. In order to determine the concurrent validity of the CLS-H-SF, Chiesi et al. To translate the English version of CLS-H-SF to Persian, Brislin [28] back-translation method was used. The human experience of compassionate love: Conceptual Mapping and data from selected studies. I feel considerable compassionate love for people from everywhere. Alharbi J, Al HL. Beaton RD, Murphy SA. As such, while the loving-kindness aspect is represented by the ihsan (benevolence) aspect of Islamic compassion, there are two additional aspectsrahma (mercy) and adl (fairness/justice)which may also occur to Farsi speakers [17]. The scale is user-friendly, easy to score, and characterized by good psychometric properties. Fehr, B., Harasymchuk, C., & Sprecher, S. (2014). The Compassionate Love Scale for Humanity (CLS-H) was developed to measure compassion towards strangers who need help and/or are vulnerable. Compassionate love has been identified as one of the major types of love experienced in relationships, but one that has been overshadowed by the study of romantic love. I feel considerable compassionate love for those people important in my life. Nevertheless, empathy has been shown to be an important component of compassion as a construct [18]. Correspondence to Am J Med. I feel a selfless caring for my friends and family. ), Handbook of personality and social psychology: Volume 2: Interpersonal relationships and group processes (pp. Fehr, B. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized. Self-compassion moderates the perceived stress and self-care behaviors link in women with breast cancer. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.12.1.102. Rodriguez-Laso A, Zunzunegui MV, Otero A. Compassionate love toward close others is defined as an attitude toward close others that involves behavior, feeling, and thinking that is all focused on "caring, concern, tenderness, and an orientation toward supporting, helping, and understanding the others, particularly when the others are perceived to be suffering or in need (page 630)." ), The science of compassionate love: Theory, research, and applications (pp. eCollection 2020. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Using three samples (total N = 529), the Compassionate Love scale was developed and piloted. The present study therefore aimed to measure the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the CLS-H-SF scale. A 30-item scale (often shrunk into a 15-item measure) designed to measure an individual's level of passionate love toward another person. Compassion in organizational life. 2005;89:62342. The Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale (SCBCS) is a five-item version of Sprecher and Fehr's (2005) 21-item Compassionate Love Scale for Humanity (CLS). https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063. (2005). A Compassionate Love scale (CLS) was developed (Sprecher & Fehr, 2005) that can be used, in alternative forms, to assess compassionate or altruistic love for different targets. Self-compassion, which consists of self-kindness, feelings of common humanity, and mindfulness, is a powerful predictor of adaptive characteristics, such as self-acceptance, life satisfaction, social connectedness, self-esteem, autonomy, and environmental mastery ( Neff, 2003b ). This study hypothesized that the scores of the positive affect schedule (PAS; [24], the self-esteem scale (SES) [25] and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) [26] would positively correlate with the Compassionate Love for humanity scale-short form (CLS-H-SF). Lawrence Erlbaum. The .gov means its official. Loving-kindness meditation for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study. Empathy, attitudes, and action: can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group motivate one to help the group? Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. Bayani AA, Koocheky AM, Goodarzi H. The reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale. Rubin, Z. Penner, L. A., Fritzsche, B. Schulz R, O'Brien AT, Bookwals J, Fleissner K. Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence, correlates, and causes. Marks N, Lambert JD, Choi H. Transitions to caregiving, gender, and psychological well-being: A prospective U.S. national study. Boswell, S. S. (2012). Demonstrating compassion is therefore considered by many to be a morally necessary human endeavor [9, 10]. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at. Given the potential for cultivating objective acts of compassion through specific training and practices33 this study describes the development of a brief and simple scale for the objective assessment of compassion with specific domains that can be taught and tested across social networks and relationships. Submissive Compassion Scale is a 10-item scale measures the extent to which one's kind and compassionate actions are related to submissive behaviour, . 2005;3:415421. Compassionate love in romantic relationships: A review and some new findings. Also, studies have shown that people with higher levels of compassion experience less perfectionism, stress and depression [7, 8]. Flix Neto2 Accepted: 14 January 2022 / Published online: 2 February 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022 Abstract Compassionate love centres on expanding benecence to another. We also hypothesized that the negative affect schedule (NAS) [24] would negatively correlate with the compassionate love for humanity scale-short form (CLS-H-SF). Two thirds of the subjects reported an income of $40,000 and above (67.7%). Background: Studies have shown individuals with high levels of compassion are more likely to show pro-social behaviors and altruistic behaviors [5, 6]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (eds. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199. 2019;28:13548. In B. Fehr, S. Sprecher, & L. G. Underwood (Eds. Front Psychol. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 611625. I would rather suffer myself than see someone else (a stranger) suffer. Some comments on loves anatomy: Or whatever happened to old-fashioned lust? https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2085-z. I want to spend time with close others so that I can find ways to help enrich their lives. As such, the authors have translated the compassionate love for humanity scale-short form (CLS-H-SF) into the Persian language, and assessed the psychometric properties of this instrument among a sample of the Iranian population. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4. Compassionate love: Conceptual, measurement, and relational issues. Dispositional attachment and relationship-specific attachment as predictors of compassionate love for a partner. PubMed Central Addison-Wesley. Compassion fatigue is hazardous to both the caregiver and the care recipient and may mediate some of the negative health consequences of social relationships and activities28. However the sustainability of the health and wellbeing of the caregiver and care recipient within social networks and relationships are contingent upon the careful monitoring and management of the level of compassion across these networks and relationships. Neff, L. A., & Karney, B. R. (2005). 2011. In R. J. Sternberg & M. L. Barnes (Eds. CR values above 0.7 are felt to be acceptable [39], while a Cronbachs alpha value above 0.7 is considered a good indicator of internal reliability in the social sciences [40]. Other researchers have focused on the altruistic aspect of compassion, conceptualizing compassion as a more enduring, trait-like variable than might be suggested by McDonald et al.s definition. Santa Clara University has used the SCBCS over the past decade along with other anthropological scales for new students and graduates. Fehr, B., & Sprecher, S. (2009a). Google Scholar. The scale comprises 21 statements in which Davis MH. Handbook of personality: Theory and Research. House JS, Robbins C, Metzner HL. I try to understand rather than judge _______. A review of definitions and measures. Enhancement of mood and self-esteem as a result of giving and receiving compassionate love. [5]). Clin Psychol Rev. ABSTRACT A compassionate love scale was developed that can be used,in alternative forms, to assess compassionate or altruisticlove for different targets (e.g., close others and all ofhumankind). This is because compassionate leaders and managers are better equipped to understand the needs of their staff, and to respond to these needs. Keywords: Front Psychol. Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. World Health Organization. In B. Fehr, S. Sprecher, & L. G. Underwood (Eds. There are varieties of potential uses for this tool. 147163). Towards an understanding of compassion from an Islamic perspective. This is especially the case in Iran, where the healthcare, education and legal systems are developing at a rapid pace [22, 23]. 2004;47:808827. The monitoring and management of the level of compassion across social networks and relationships may be critical to the preservation of the health benefits and the prevention of the health hazards of social networks and relationships. Oxford University Press. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33, 399412. Epub 2022 Jan 24. The present study aimed to develop an abbreviated. CrossRef For Chiesi et al. Sabey, A. K., & Rauer, A. J. Anno 2018/FINANZIAMENTO DELLE ATTIVIT BASE DI RICERCA - FFABR, Strauss C, Taylor BL, Gu J, Kuyken W, Baer R, Jones F, et al.
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